基于深度学习的计算机辅助诊断（CAD）在学术研究和临床应用中引起了吸引人的关注。然而，卷积神经网络（CNN）诊断系统严重依赖于标记的病变数据集，对数据分布变化的敏感性也限制了CNN在CAD中的潜在应用。开发了无监督的域适应性（UDA）方法来解决昂贵的注释和域间隙问题，并在医学图像分析中取得了巨大的成功。然而，现有的UDA方法仅适应从源病变域中汲取的知识到一个单个目标病变域，这是针对临床情况的：要诊断的新的未标记的目标域始终以在线和连续的方式到达。此外，由于新知识的知识覆盖了先前学到的知识（即灾难性的遗忘），因此现有方法的性能在先前学到的目标病变域上大大降低。为了处理上述问题，我们开发了一个名为连续病变知识元适应（CLKM）的元适应框架，该框架主要由语义适应阶段（​​SAP）和表示适应阶段（​​RAP）组成，以在线学习诊断模型和连续的方式。在SAP中，从源病变域中学到的语义知识转移到连续的靶病变域。在RAP中，优化了功能提取器以对齐整个源和多个目标病变域的可转移表示知识。

隆升建模是一种因果学习技术，可估计亚组级别的治疗效果。它通常在行业和其他地方用于定位广告等任务。在典型的设置中，Ruplift模型可以将数千个功能作为输入，这是昂贵的，并且导致了诸如过度拟合和模型可解释性差的问题。因此，需要选择建模最重要的功能的子集。但是，进行功能选择的传统方法不适合该任务，因为它们是为标准的机器学习模型而设计的，其目标与隆升模型重要。为了解决这个问题，我们介绍了一组针对提升建模的特征选择方法，从统计和信息理论中汲取灵感。我们对公开可用数据集的拟议方法进行了经验评估，证明了与传统特征选择相比，提出的方法的优势。我们将建议的方法公开作为Causalml开源软件包的一部分。

The recent advent of play-to-earn (P2E) systems in massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs) has made in-game goods interchangeable with real-world values more than ever before. The goods in the P2E MMORPGs can be directly exchanged with cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, or Klaytn via blockchain networks. Unlike traditional in-game goods, once they had been written to the blockchains, P2E goods cannot be restored by the game operation teams even with chargeback fraud such as payment fraud, cancellation, or refund. To tackle the problem, we propose a novel chargeback fraud prediction method, PU GNN, which leverages graph attention networks with PU loss to capture both the players' in-game behavior with P2E token transaction patterns. With the adoption of modified GraphSMOTE, the proposed model handles the imbalanced distribution of labels in chargeback fraud datasets. The conducted experiments on two real-world P2E MMORPG datasets demonstrate that PU GNN achieves superior performances over previously suggested methods.

El Nino Southern振荡（ENSO）是热带中央和东太平洋的海面温度（SST）的半周期波动，通过远程依赖或电信连接，影响世界各地的区域水文中的际变化。最近的研究表明了改进ENSO预测以及用于了解电信连接的复杂网络（CN）的深度学习（DL）方法的价值。然而，预测对Enso驱动的河流流动的差距包括DL的黑匣子性质，使用简单的ENSO指数来描述复杂的现象并将基于DL的ENSO预测翻译成河流预测。在这里，我们显示可解释的DL（XDL）方法，基于显着性图，可以提取全球SST中包含的可解释的预测信息，并发现对河流的新型SST信息区域和依赖结构，这些信息与气候网络结构串联，使得改进的预测性理解。我们的结果揭示了全球SST超越ENSO指数的更多信息内容，开发了对SSTS影响河流的新了解，并产生了与不确定性的改进的河流预测。观察，重新分析数据和地球系统模型模拟用于展示基于XDL-CN基于互际和分支尺度的气候预测的方法的价值。

Masked image modeling (MIM) performs strongly in pre-training large vision Transformers (ViTs). However, small models that are critical for real-world applications cannot or only marginally benefit from this pre-training approach. In this paper, we explore distillation techniques to transfer the success of large MIM-based pre-trained models to smaller ones. We systematically study different options in the distillation framework, including distilling targets, losses, input, network regularization, sequential distillation, etc, revealing that: 1) Distilling token relations is more effective than CLS token- and feature-based distillation; 2) An intermediate layer of the teacher network as target perform better than that using the last layer when the depth of the student mismatches that of the teacher; 3) Weak regularization is preferred; etc. With these findings, we achieve significant fine-tuning accuracy improvements over the scratch MIM pre-training on ImageNet-1K classification, using all the ViT-Tiny, ViT-Small, and ViT-base models, with +4.2%/+2.4%/+1.4% gains, respectively. Our TinyMIM model of base size achieves 52.2 mIoU in AE20K semantic segmentation, which is +4.1 higher than the MAE baseline. Our TinyMIM model of tiny size achieves 79.6% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet-1K image classification, which sets a new record for small vision models of the same size and computation budget. This strong performance suggests an alternative way for developing small vision Transformer models, that is, by exploring better training methods rather than introducing inductive biases into architectures as in most previous works. Code is available at https://github.com/OliverRensu/TinyMIM.

In this paper, we propose a robust 3D detector, named Cross Modal Transformer (CMT), for end-to-end 3D multi-modal detection. Without explicit view transformation, CMT takes the image and point clouds tokens as inputs and directly outputs accurate 3D bounding boxes. The spatial alignment of multi-modal tokens is performed implicitly, by encoding the 3D points into multi-modal features. The core design of CMT is quite simple while its performance is impressive. CMT obtains 73.0% NDS on nuScenes benchmark. Moreover, CMT has a strong robustness even if the LiDAR is missing. Code will be released at https://github.com/junjie18/CMT.

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) remains challenging due to the diversity of distortion and image content variation, which complicate the distortion patterns crossing different scales and aggravate the difficulty of the regression problem for BIQA. However, existing BIQA methods often fail to consider multi-scale distortion patterns and image content, and little research has been done on learning strategies to make the regression model produce better performance. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective Progressive Multi-Task Image Quality Assessment (PMT-IQA) model, which contains a multi-scale feature extraction module (MS) and a progressive multi-task learning module (PMT), to help the model learn complex distortion patterns and better optimize the regression issue to align with the law of human learning process from easy to hard. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed PMT-IQA model, we conduct experiments on four widely used public datasets, and the experimental results indicate that the performance of PMT-IQA is superior to the comparison approaches, and both MS and PMT modules improve the model's performance.

Automatic music generation with artificial intelligence typically requires a large amount of data which is hard to obtain for many less common genres and musical instruments. To tackle this issue, we present ongoing work and preliminary findings on the possibility for deep models to transfer knowledge from language to music, by finetuning large language models pre-trained on a massive text corpus on only hundreds of MIDI files of drum performances. We show that by doing so, one of the largest, state-of-the-art models (GPT3) is capable of generating reasonable drum grooves, while models that are not pre-trained (Transformer) shows no such ability beyond naive repetition. Evaluating generated music is a challenging task, more so is evaluating drum grooves with little precedence in literature. Hence, we propose a tailored structural evaluation method and analyze drum grooves produced by GPT3 compared to those played by human professionals, exposing the strengths and weaknesses of such generation by language-to-music transfer. Our findings suggest that language-to-music transfer learning with large language models is viable and promising.

Few Shot Instance Segmentation (FSIS) requires models to detect and segment novel classes with limited several support examples. In this work, we explore a simple yet unified solution for FSIS as well as its incremental variants, and introduce a new framework named Reference Twice (RefT) to fully explore the relationship between support/query features based on a Transformer-like framework. Our key insights are two folds: Firstly, with the aid of support masks, we can generate dynamic class centers more appropriately to re-weight query features. Secondly, we find that support object queries have already encoded key factors after base training. In this way, the query features can be enhanced twice from two aspects, i.e., feature-level and instance-level. In particular, we firstly design a mask-based dynamic weighting module to enhance support features and then propose to link object queries for better calibration via cross-attention. After the above steps, the novel classes can be improved significantly over our strong baseline. Additionally, our new framework can be easily extended to incremental FSIS with minor modification. When benchmarking results on the COCO dataset for FSIS, gFSIS, and iFSIS settings, our method achieves a competitive performance compared to existing approaches across different shots, e.g., we boost nAP by noticeable +8.2/+9.4 over the current state-of-the-art FSIS method for 10/30-shot. We further demonstrate the superiority of our approach on Few Shot Object Detection. Code and model will be available.